to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow

to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out

I know!; I think so too!

that is so; that is right; it looks to me; that's my impression

people say that; it is said that; I hear that

expert; learned person

doctor; PhD; Dr.

instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period)

pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)

here; this place

this point; here; now

these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...

the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...

topic marker particle

indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)

adds emphasis

(sudden) change; reversal; turn-around; coming from behind (baseball)

indicates possessive

nominalizes verbs and adjectives

substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases

(at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion

(at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis

(at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

idea; conception

way of thinking; approach

expression

at; in

at; when

by; with

and then; so

and; then

let me tell you; don't you know

bowl; vessel; container

ability; capacity; calibre; caliber

at (place, time); in; on; during

to (direction, state); toward; into

for (purpose)

because of (reason); for; with

by; from

as (i.e. in the role of)

per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")

and; in addition to

to do; to carry out; to perform

to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)

to serve as; to act as; to work as

to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as

to decide on; to choose

to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)

to be (in a state, condition, etc.)

to be worth; to cost

to pass (of time); to elapse

to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B

to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B

to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B

to feel A about B

verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")

creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")

to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to

topic marker particle

indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)

adds emphasis

how; in what way; how about

it seems; I think; I guess; I wonder

right?; don't you agree?

by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing

salad

indicates direct object of action

indicates subject of causative expression

indicates an area traversed

indicates time (period) over which action takes place

indicates point of departure or separation of action

indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to serve (in a bowl, on a plate, etc.); to dish out; to dish up; to fill (a bowl) with

to pile up; to heap up; to fill up; to stack up

to administer (medicine, poison); to dose out; to prescribe

to put into (e.g. information in a report, meaning in a statement)

to mark out (e.g. scale); to graduate (e.g. thermometer)

to exaggerate; to apply heavy makeup

to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe

to examine; to look over; to assess; to check; to judge

to look after; to attend to; to take care of; to keep an eye on

to experience; to meet with (misfortune, success, etc.)

to try ...; to have a go at ...; to give ... a try

to see (that) ...; to find (that) ...

I see; that's right; indeed

(sudden) change; reversal; turn-around; coming from behind (baseball)

indicates possessive

nominalizes verbs and adjectives

substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases

(at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion

(at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis

(at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

idea; conception

way of thinking; approach

expression

be; is

did; (have) done

please; do

don't

do

hey; listen; you

now, ...; well, ...; I tell you!; you know

wow; ooh

again; once more; once again; another time; some other time

also; too; as well; likewise

on the other hand; while

and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore

or; otherwise

really; how; (what, why) on earth

indirect

to eat

to live; to make a living; to survive

to bite; to sting (as insects do)

to tease; to torment; to taunt; to make light of; to make fun of

to encroach on; to eat into; to consume

to defeat a superior; to threaten a position

to consume time and-or resources

to receive something (usu. an unfavourable event)

to have sexual relations with a woman, esp. for the first time

to be (of animate objects); to exist

to stay

to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

um; er; well

nuh-uh; no

oof

again; once more; once again; another time; some other time

also; too; as well; likewise

on the other hand; while

and; in addition; besides; moreover; furthermore

or; otherwise

really; how; (what, why) on earth

indirect

no good; not serving its purpose; useless; broken

hopeless; wasted; in vain; purposeless

cannot; must not; not allowed

neutral point (in go); intersection owned by neither player at the end of a game

indicates a question

or; whether or not

some- (e.g. something, someone)

hmm; huh

very

-al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y

disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant

a little; a bit; slightly

just a minute; for a moment; briefly

somewhat; rather; fairly; pretty; quite

(not) easily; (not) readily

hey!; come on; excuse me

thanks, but no; not feasible; not possible

to wait

to await; to look forward to; to anticipate

to depend on; to need

garbage can; rubbish bin; trash can; dustbin

at (place, time); in; on; during

to (direction, state); toward; into

for (purpose)

because of (reason); for; with

by; from

as (i.e. in the role of)

per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")

and; in addition to

if so; in that case; in that situation

good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable

sufficient; enough; ready; prepared

profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial

OK; all right; fine; no problem

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

I see; that's right; indeed

ah!; oh!; alas!

yes; indeed; that is correct

aah; gah; argh

hey!; yo!

uh huh; yeah yeah; right; gotcha

to relax; to feel at home