that is to say; that is; in other words; I mean; that (this, it) means

in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run; when all is said and done; what it all comes down to; when you get right down to it; basically

clogging; obstruction; stuffing; (degree of) blockage

shrinkage

end; conclusion

this; this one

this person

now; this point (in time)

here

used to stress the subject of a sentence

topic marker particle

indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)

adds emphasis

this

last (couple of years, etc.); these; past; this

you (as in "you liar")

people

indicates possessive

nominalizes verbs and adjectives

substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases

(at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion

(at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis

(at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

thing; matter

incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis

circumstances; situation; state of affairs

work; business; affair

after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to

nominalizing suffix

pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...

alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or

necessity; need

you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ...

indicates direct object of action

indicates subject of causative expression

indicates an area traversed

indicates time (period) over which action takes place

indicates point of departure or separation of action

indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to shine

to be visible

to be tinged with

to rise (of water levels); to flow in

to be felt (i.e. as an emotion); to come over one

to hold up (an umbrella, etc.); to put up; to raise

to extend one's arm straight ahead (in dance)

to insert; to put in

to wear (a sword) in one's belt; to wear at one's side; to carry under one's arm

to insert one's arm under an opponent's arm

to pole (a boat)

to pour; to add (liquid); to serve (drinks)

to put on (lipstick, etc.); to apply; to colour; to dye

to light (a fire); to burn

to shut; to close; to lock; to fasten

to stop in the midst of; to leave undone

to be (of animate objects); to exist

to stay

to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation

at; in

at; when

by; with

and then; so

and; then

let me tell you; don't you know

hot (thing)

passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. gaze)

hot (e.g. temper)

zealous; enthusiastic; fired up

intense; severe; extreme

hot (topic); of interest

don't

do

hey; listen; you

now, ...; well, ...; I tell you!; you know

wow; ooh

now; soon; shortly; before long; presently

already; yet; by now; (not) anymore

further; more; again; another; the other

tsk; dammit; jeez; come on; what the hell

and; thereupon; because of that

right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think?

hey; say; listen; look; come on

you know; you see; I must say; I should think

will you?; please

so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand?

I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...