as ＡもＢも

used for emphasis or to express absence of doubt regarding a quantity, etc.

often as 〜ても, 〜でも, 〜とも, etc.

occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之

often ん

pronounced わ in modern Japanese

after the -te form of a verb

after the -te form of a verb

pronounced わ in modern Japanese

often as どうして、どうして

as ...からなる or ...よりなる

as お + masu stem + になる or ご + noun+ になる

の and ん add emphasis

at sentence end

after each alternative

after an interrogative

indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles

emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective

suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word

oft. as ...とか...とか

used to convey hearsay or uncertain information; oft. with 言う, 聞く, etc.

at sentence end

used to make a statement vague or less absolute; usu. after a noun

at the start of a sentence

at sentence end; used as a request for confirmation or agreement

at sentence end; used to express one's thoughts or feelings

at sentence end; used to make an informal request

at the end of a non-final clause; used to draw the listener's attention to something

at sentence end after the question marker か

occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之

often ん

with neg. sentence

indicates surprise

indicates anger or irritability

used to dismiss someone's worries, concerns, etc.

expression of surprise, recollection, etc.

used to get someone's attention

often as はっきりした

as ＡもＢも

used for emphasis or to express absence of doubt regarding a quantity, etc.

often as 〜ても, 〜でも, 〜とも, etc.

prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb

imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb

when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end

used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end

at sentence end

after each alternative

after an interrogative

indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles

emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective

suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word

at sentence-end; oft. as 〜のと違うか

at sentence end

at sentence end

rough or arrogant

pronounced わ in modern Japanese

about something or someone distant from both speaker and listener, or about a situation unfamiliar to both speaker and listener

indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form

indicates time of action

indicates means of action

indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types

at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.

after the -te form of a verb

after the -te form of a verb

expresses disdain, dislike, astonishment, etc.

about something or someone distant from both speaker and listener, or about a situation unfamiliar to both speaker and listener

after the -te form of a verb

as 〜てみると, 〜てみたら, 〜てみれば, etc.

as AことB (A = alias, B = real name)

as 〜ことはない

as 〜ことだ

at sentence end; used as a request for confirmation or agreement

at sentence end; used to express one's thoughts or feelings

at sentence end; used to make an informal request

at the end of a non-final clause; used to draw the listener's attention to something

at sentence end after the question marker か

A casual contraction of それは.

after plain form of a verb or adjective