summer

topic marker particle

indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)

adds emphasis

ghost story

such things as ...; and ... and

the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as

be; is

o; oh

huh; what

hi

at; in

at; when

by; with

and then; so

and; then

let me tell you; don't you know

something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...

scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful

indicates possessive

nominalizes verbs and adjectives

substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases

(at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion

(at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis

(at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

to be aware of; to know; to be conscious of; to cognize; to cognise

to notice; to feel

to understand; to comprehend; to grasp

to remember; to be acquainted with (a procedure)

to experience; to go through; to learn

to be acquainted with (a person); to get to know

to concern

to be (of animate objects); to exist

to stay

to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

indicates possessive

nominalizes verbs and adjectives

substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases

(at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion

(at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis

(at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

I; me

topic marker particle

indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)

adds emphasis

to be aware of; to know; to be conscious of; to cognize; to cognise

to notice; to feel

to understand; to comprehend; to grasp

to remember; to be acquainted with (a procedure)

to experience; to go through; to learn

to be acquainted with (a person); to get to know

to concern

at; in

at; when

by; with

and then; so

and; then

let me tell you; don't you know

ah; oh

hey!

other (place, thing, person); the rest

outside; beyond

nothing except; nothing but; nothing apart from; nothing aside from; no choice (but to)

besides...; in addition to...

indicates possessive

nominalizes verbs and adjectives

substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases

(at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion

(at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis

(at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

holiday house; vacation home; villa

prison; jail

indicates possessive

nominalizes verbs and adjectives

substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases

(at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion

(at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis

(at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

talk; speech; chat; conversation

topic; subject

discussions; negotiation; argument

rumor; talk; hearsay

tale; story; fable

circumstances; particulars

at; in

at; when

by; with

and then; so

and; then

let me tell you; don't you know

summer

at (place, time); in; on; during

to (direction, state); toward; into

for (purpose)

because of (reason); for; with

by; from

as (i.e. in the role of)

per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")

and; in addition to

cockroach

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)

indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)

but; however; still; and

regardless of; whether (or not)

explosive increase (in number of pests); (severe) outbreak or upsurge of pests

to do; to carry out; to perform

to cause to become; to make (into); to turn (into)

to serve as; to act as; to work as

to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

to judge as being; to view as being; to think of as; to treat as; to use as

to decide on; to choose

to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.)

to be (in a state, condition, etc.)

to be worth; to cost

to pass (of time); to elapse

to place, or raise, person A to a post or status B

to transform A to B; to make A into B; to exchange A for B

to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B

to feel A about B

verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs")

creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go")

to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to

now; soon; shortly; before long; presently

already; yet; by now; (not) anymore

further; more; again; another; the other

tsk; dammit; jeez; come on; what the hell

there (place relatively near listener)

there (place just mentioned); that place

then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised)

pluralizing suffix

or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.

nominalizing suffix

through; throughout; in the course of

all over or throughout (e.g. a place)

summer

topic marker particle

indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)

adds emphasis

indecent talk; obscene talk; lewd conversation; dirty story; smut

such things as ...; and ... and

the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; as soon as

be; is

o; oh

huh; what

hi

at; in

at; when

by; with

and then; so

and; then

let me tell you; don't you know

indecent talk; obscene talk; lewd conversation; dirty story; smut

yes

here; this place

this point; here; now

these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...

the next ... (e.g. few days); these next ...

topic marker particle

indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)

adds emphasis

adult; grown-up

indicates possessive

nominalizes verbs and adjectives

substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases

(at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion

(at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis

(at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

two persons; two people; pair; couple

at (place, time); in; on; during

to (direction, state); toward; into

for (purpose)

because of (reason); for; with

by; from

as (i.e. in the role of)

per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")

and; in addition to

to be of benefit; to be beneficial; to be useful; to do one good; to be good for one

talk; speech; chat; conversation

topic; subject

discussions; negotiation; argument

rumor; talk; hearsay

tale; story; fable

circumstances; particulars

indicates direct object of action

indicates subject of causative expression

indicates an area traversed

indicates time (period) over which action takes place

indicates point of departure or separation of action

indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

to hear

to listen (e.g. to music)

to ask; to enquire; to query

to hear about; to hear of; to learn of

to follow (advice, order, etc.); to obey; to listen to; to comply with

to hear (e.g. a plea); to grant (a request); to accept (e.g. an argument); to give consideration to

to smell (esp. incense); to sample (a fragrance)

to taste (alcohol); to try

splendid; nice; wonderful; delicious; sweet

sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); (by implication) no thank you

well enough; OK; tolerable

quite; reasonably; fairly; tolerably

one person

being alone; being by oneself

being single; being unmarried

by oneself; alone

just; only; simply

but; however; though; nevertheless; still; yet; even so; also; as well

even

however; no matter how; even if; even though

... or something

either ... or ...; neither ... nor ...

pseudo-; quack; in-name-only

for lack of anything better to do

to live; to exist

to make a living; to subsist

to be in effect; to be in use; to function

to come to life; to be enlivened

to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to head (towards); to be transported (towards); to reach

to proceed; to take place

to pass through; to come and go

to walk

to die; to pass away

to do (in a specific way)

to stream; to flow

to continue

to have an orgasm; to come; to cum

to trip; to get high; to have a drug-induced hallucination

indicates reason or excuse

indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged

hey; you

hey

hey; hold on

yo; hey

to be of benefit; to be beneficial; to be useful; to do one good; to be good for one

right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?; don't you think?

hey; say; listen; look; come on

you know; you see; I must say; I should think

will you?; please

so, ...; well, ...; you see, ...; you understand?

I'm not sure if ...; I have my doubts about whether ...