casual quoting particle

as たって; indicates supposition

as かって; indicates a satirical or rhetorical question

indicates certainty, insistence, emphasis, etc.

abbr. of という

abbr. of と言っている

abbr. of と聞いている

abbr. of とは, というのは

equiv. of は topic marker

prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb

imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb

when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end

used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end

indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form

indicates time of action

indicates means of action

indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types

at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.

used for non-exhaustive lists related to a specific time and place

after the dictionary form of a verb

punctuational exclamation in haiku, renga, etc.

interjection expressing surprise

verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation

after the root of an adjective

casual quoting particle

as たって; indicates supposition

as かって; indicates a satirical or rhetorical question

indicates certainty, insistence, emphasis, etc.

abbr. of という

abbr. of と言っている

abbr. of と聞いている

abbr. of とは, というのは

equiv. of は topic marker

at sentence end

at sentence end

after each alternative

after an interrogative

indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles

emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective

suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word

oft. scornful or dismissive

at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, contempt, request, etc.

after a noun; used when calling out to someone

in mid-sentence; used to catch one's breath or get someone's attention

prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb

imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb

when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end

used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end

indicates location of action; にて is the formal literary form

indicates time of action

indicates means of action

indicates continuing action; alternative form of 〜て used for some verb types

at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, etc.

as ＡもＢも

used for emphasis or to express absence of doubt regarding a quantity, etc.

often as 〜ても, 〜でも, 〜とも, etc.

as ...からなる or ...よりなる

as お + masu stem + になる or ご + noun+ になる

after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action or state

negative verb ending used in informal speech; abbr. of negative verb ending ぬ

abbr. of particle の; indicates possessive

abbr. of particle に; used esp. when it precedes the verb なる

slightly formal or feminine

usu. with an adverb of manner, e.g. よく乗る

usu. with an adverb of manner, e.g. よく乗る

negative verb ending used in informal speech; abbr. of negative verb ending ぬ

abbr. of particle の; indicates possessive

abbr. of particle に; used esp. when it precedes the verb なる

used for non-exhaustive lists related to a specific time and place

after the dictionary form of a verb

punctuational exclamation in haiku, renga, etc.

interjection expressing surprise

A casual contraction of それは.

also written 良い, 好い and 善い

as て(も)いい, と(も)いい, etc.; indicates permission or compromise

prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb

imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb

when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end

used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end

concerning the actions of the listener or concerning the ideas expressed or understood by the listener; with a neg. sentence, implies that something isn't as much as one might think

used to express agreement with something said

used to express doubt with something said

slightly formal or feminine

occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之

often ん

pronounced わ in modern Japanese

expression of surprise, recollection, etc.

used to get someone's attention

also written 良い, 好い and 善い

as て(も)いい, と(も)いい, etc.; indicates permission or compromise

prohibitive; used with dictionary form verb

imperative (from なさい); used with -masu stem of verb

when seeking confirmation, for emphasis, etc.; used at sentence end

used to express admiration, emotionality, etc.; used at sentence end