cooked rice

meal

at (place, time); in; on; during

to (direction, state); toward; into

for (purpose)

because of (reason); for; with

by; from

as (i.e. in the role of)

per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")

and; in addition to

miso; fermented condiment usu. made from soybeans

innards (from crabs, shrimps, etc.) resembling miso

key (main) point; good part (of something)

weakling; weak person

try

juice; sap

soup; broth

(dipping) sauce

to run; to dash; to race

to gallop (on horseback); to canter

indicates a confident conclusion

indicates emotional emphasis

indicates question

you said; he said; she said; they said

if ... then

do you seriously think that

I already told you; you should know by now that; of course

the said ...; said ...

says that ...

I hear that ...

as for the term ...

as for ...

dish of rice and miso soup or dried bonito flakes; cat food

to say; to utter; to declare

to name; to call

to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise

it seems; I think; I guess

right?; don't you agree?

why?; what for?

how?; by what means?

it seems; I think; I guess

right?; don't you agree?

olden days; former

cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus)

shamisen

geisha

wheelbarrow

clay bed-warmer

bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship

at (place, time); in; on; during

to (direction, state); toward; into

for (purpose)

because of (reason); for; with

by; from

as (i.e. in the role of)

per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")

and; in addition to

nicely; properly; well; skillfully; skilfully

frequently; often

I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...

(you have) quite the nerve to; I don't know how you can ...

to raise; to elevate

to do up (one's hair)

to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to surface (a submarine, etc.)

to land (a boat)

to deep-fry

to show someone (into a room)

to give

to send someone (away)

to enrol (one's child in school); to enroll

to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to develop (talent, skill); to improve

to make (a loud sound); to raise (one's voice)

to earn (something desirable)

to praise

to give (an example, etc.); to cite

to summon up (all of one's energy, etc.)

to arrest

to nominate

to summon (for geishas, etc.)

to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.)

to bear (a child)

to conduct (a ceremony, esp. a wedding)

(of the tide) to come in

to vomit

to do for (the sake of someone else)

to complete ...

to humbly do ...

to be (of animate objects); to exist

to stay

to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

oh!; good heavens!

ugh!; oh no!

ah!; the penny drops!

yes!; okay!

yes; yeah; uh huh

huh?; what?

not

's; of; belonging to

at (place, time); in; on; during

is not; am not; are not

isn't it?

indicates question

or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean

you

abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning

talk; speech; chat; conversation

topic; subject

discussions; negotiation; argument

rumor; talk; hearsay

tale; story; fable

circumstances; particulars

to change; to alter; to transform; to convert; to turn; to vary

to reform; to revise; to amend

hey; you

hey

hey; hold on

yo; hey

everyone; anyone

no one; nobody

to keep (a pet or other animal); to have; to own; to raise; to rear; to feed

if; in case; if it is the case that; if it is true that

as for; on the topic of

if that's the case; if so; that being the case

if possible; if circumstances allow

origin; source

base; basis; foundation; root

cause

ingredient; material

(somebody's) side; (somebody's) location

original cost (or capital, principal, etc.)

(plant) root; (tree) trunk

first section of a waka

counter for blades of grass, tree trunks, etc., and for falcons (in falconry)

handle (chopsticks, brush, etc.); grip

indicates possessive

nominalizes verbs and adjectives

substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases

(at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion

(at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis

(at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

place; location; spot; position

room; space

basho; wrestling tournament

at (place, time); in; on; during

to (direction, state); toward; into

for (purpose)

because of (reason); for; with

by; from

as (i.e. in the role of)

per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")

and; in addition to

to put back; to return; to give back; to restore (to a previous state, e.g. defrosting, reconstituting, reconciling); to turn back (e.g. clock hand)

to vomit; to throw up

to recover (of a market price)

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to arrive

to come back; to do ... and come back

to come to be; to become; to get; to grow; to continue

to come from; to be caused by; to derive from

to come to (i.e. "when it comes to spinach ...")

I; me

topic marker particle

indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated)

adds emphasis

bad; poor; undesirable

poor (quality); inferior; insufficient

evil; sinful

ugly; not beautiful

at fault; to blame; in the wrong

bad (at doing something)

unprofitable; unbeneficial

sorry; (my) bad; unforgivable

like that; so

but; however; though; nevertheless; still; yet; even so; also; as well

even

however; no matter how; even if; even though

... or something

either ... or ...; neither ... nor ...

pseudo-; quack; in-name-only

for lack of anything better to do

tomorrow

near future

too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence)

both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence)

even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than

even if; even though; although; in spite of

further; more; again; another; the other

day after tomorrow

wrong (e.g. direction)

too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence)

both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence)

even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than

even if; even though; although; in spite of

further; more; again; another; the other

that; the

part (as in "part two")

um ...; er ...; uh ...

next; following; subsequent

stage; station

indicates possessive

nominalizes verbs and adjectives

substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases

(at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion

(at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis

(at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

Sunday

day (of the month)

counter for days

Japan

too; also; in addition; as well; (not) either (in a negative sentence)

both A and B; A as well as B; neither A nor B (in a negative sentence)

even; as much as; as many as; as far as; as long as; no less than; no fewer than

even if; even though; although; in spite of

further; more; again; another; the other

continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; all along; the whole time; all the way

much (better, etc.); by far; far and away

far away; long ago

direct; straight

box; case; chest; package; pack; crate

car (of a train, etc.)

shamisen case; shamisen

public building; community building

counter for boxes (or boxed objects)

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)

indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)

but; however; still; and

regardless of; whether (or not)

to put; to place

to leave (behind)

to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up

to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire; to employ

to place (one's trust, one's faith, etc.); to bear (in mind, etc.)

to put down a tool (e.g. a pen) hence stopping what one is doing with that tool

to take in (boarders, etc.); to provide lodging in one's house

to separate spatially or temporally

to do something in advance

to leave something in a certain state; to keep something in a certain state

to come together; to merge; to unite; to meet

to fit; to match; to suit; to agree with; to be correct

to be profitable; to be equitable

to do ... to each other; to do ... together

alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay

to understand; to comprehend; to grasp; to see; to get; to follow

to become clear; to be known; to be discovered; to be realized; to be realised; to be found out

I know!; I think so too!

I; me

at (place, time); in; on; during

to (direction, state); toward; into

for (purpose)

because of (reason); for; with

by; from

as (i.e. in the role of)

per; in; for; a (e.g. "once a month")

and; in addition to

to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to

to passively leave to someone else's facilities

to leave to take its natural course

to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim)

to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done

suffix for familiar person

who

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)

indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)

but; however; still; and

regardless of; whether (or not)

suffix for familiar person

indicates a question

or; whether or not

some- (e.g. something, someone)

hmm; huh

very

-al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y

as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly

inside; within

while (e.g. one is young); during; within (e.g. a day); in the course of

among; amongst; (out) of; between

in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.); amidst; with (e.g. success)

within oneself; one's feelings; inner thoughts

we; our company; our organization

one's home; one's family

my spouse; my husband; my wife

signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife

I; me

health care center; health care centre

animal shelter

near; close; short (distance)

close (in time); soon

close (relationship); friendly; intimate

closely related

similar; almost the same; close to; nearly

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

no good; not serving its purpose; useless; broken

hopeless; wasted; in vain; purposeless

cannot; must not; not allowed

neutral point (in go); intersection owned by neither player at the end of a game

isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on

such; that sort of; that kind of; like that

no way!; never!

ah!; oh!; alas!

yes; indeed; that is correct

aah; gah; argh

hey!; yo!

uh huh; yeah yeah; right; gotcha

jest; joke; funny story

American

American-style (weak) drip coffee

joke

be; is

did; (have) done

please; do

hey; you

hey

hey; hold on

yo; hey

American

American-style (weak) drip coffee