from では

as ...からなる or ...よりなる

as お + masu stem + になる or ご + noun+ になる

occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之

often ん

at sentence end

after each alternative

after an interrogative

indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles

emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective

suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word

as a response to a roll call

with rising intonation

used when calling for someone's attention or when handing something to someone

as ...をどうしたの or ...はどうしたの

expression of surprise, recollection, etc.

used to get someone's attention

slightly formal or feminine

casual quoting particle

as たって; indicates supposition

as かって; indicates a satirical or rhetorical question

indicates certainty, insistence, emphasis, etc.

abbr. of という

abbr. of と言っている

abbr. of と聞いている

abbr. of とは, というのは

equiv. of は topic marker

with neg. sentence

neg. context, e.g. 全然反対

pos. context, e.g. 全然いいよ

as AことB (A = alias, B = real name)

as 〜ことはない

as 〜ことだ

verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation

after the root of an adjective

indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic

usu. indicating someone in one's in-group

as これから, これまで, etc.

pronounced わ in modern Japanese

indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind

occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之

often ん

at sentence-end; indicates certainty, emphasis, contempt, request, etc.

after a noun; used when calling out to someone

in mid-sentence; used to catch one's breath or get someone's attention

concerning the actions of the listener or concerning the ideas expressed or understood by the listener; with a neg. sentence, implies that something isn't as much as one might think

used to express agreement with something said

used to express doubt with something said

from ではない